Walter Breen's Encyclopedia of Early United States Cents
Walter Breen
NB. In the "Hays" column above, numbers 57E-59E were assigned by Elder and Gilbert in Elder's Hays (1909). The notation Frossard 4* (5-50) indicates that Frossard illustrated this variety as his number 4, though his description fit a different obverse. The entry marked Maris** means that Maris described it before 1870 although it was not confirmed to exist before Ebenezer Gilbert found one in 1896, and Maris (shortly before his death) identified this obverse as his number 48; earlier cataloguers had confused it with other numbers. Listing Maris as discoverer of the varieties he was first to describe is provisional pending further research in 1859-69 auctions. Proskey numbers are omitted as they simply repeat the Maris sequence through Maris 44, including the names, adding nothing new.