Walter Breen's Encyclopedia of Early United States Cents

Obverse 2. Same device punch, without doubling. Vigorous grinding and polishing of this die made the locks shallower with sharper points. The shoulder loop and part of the lower edge of the cap (near base point) are gone. "Double chin." I B are far apart at their bases. The date is curved, unlike either of the other '93 Heads. Repunched 1 is plain on both sides of the upright.

Reverse A.

Edge: 1. Point and stem of leaf after DOLLAR point down. See illustration on page 95.

Die states: 1. Repolished to remove clash marks. Faint obverse crack develops from between the dentils at about 7:45. Ribbons and leaves are intact.

II. Further repolished. Right leaf below (N)r is fragmented, the outer leaf below (R)I is weak, end of the right ribbon is hollow, and the defect over M is partly effaced.

For states III through V see 2b.

Equivalents: Maris 52. Frossard 2.2 (2 with 2nd reverse). Doughty 20 and 65. Hays 3. McGirk 7 A. Ross 2-B. Chapman 3. (The earlier writers did not distinguish the edge subvarieties.) Sheldon 18a. EAC 2a. Encyclopedia 1650.

Rarity 6.

Remarks: Discovered by Edouard Frossard before 1879.

Condition Census:

VF-30 With a severe planchet defect through the edge. Thomas L. Elder, privately • George H. Clapp. ANS. State II.

VF-25 David Proskey • Henry C. Hines • Dr. William H. Sheldon, 4/19 /1972 • R. E. Naftzger, Jr., 2/23/1992 • Eric Streiner • Early American Coppers 4/1994: 162 $19,000 • Thomas D. Reynolds, 4/1994 • Daniel W. Holmes, Jr. Obverse and reverse illustrated in Noyes. The discovery coin for the subvariety.

F-12 Henry C. Colvin= French's #80, 10/1962: 21 $400

• R. E. Naftzger, Jr. • New Netherlands Coin Co. 11/1973: 339 $1,200 • Del Bland, 3/6/1976 • Dr. Robert A. Schuman= Myles Z. Gerson • Del Bland, 3/25/1984. George E. Ewing, Jr. • Wes A. Rasmussen. Reverse illustrated in Morley.

F-12 Sharpness of VF-30 but porous and dark olive. Bruno Crossfield, 12/1956 • Willard C. Blaisdell, 10/1974 • William R. T. Smith. Dr. Edward R. Bush, 9/1979 • G. Lee Kuntz • Superior Galleries 10/1991: 22 $7,700 • Tom Morley • Superior Galleries 5/1992: 161 $4,620 • Douglas F. Bird, 4/24/1993 • Dr. Ralph W. Rucker.

VG-8 Dr. Charles L. Ruby, 12/1972 • Superior Stamp & Coin Co. • Superior Galleries 2/1974: 344 $2,350 • Robinson S. Brown, Jr., 11/1976 • Denis W. Loring, 5/ 7/1983 • Jack H. Robinson • Superior Galleries 1/1989:

23 $13,750 • Daniel W. Holmes, Jr., 12/1994 • Darwin B. Palmer, Jr. State I. Reverse illustrated in Morley.

VG-7 Sharpness of VG-10 but smoothed in right obverse field. D. C. Wismer • New Netherlands Coin Co. #33, 4/ 1951: 557 $15.50 • Homer K. Downing • 1952 ANA (New Netherlands Coin Co. #38): 1635 $40 • Dr. William H. Sheldon • Dorothy Paschal • William R. T. Smith • Dr. Allen D. Roses.

VG-7 Sharpness of VF-20 but rough and dark olive. An eastern consignment • Superior Galleries 2/1976: 1354 $1,850 • Dr. Edward R. Bush • Philip Van Cleave • Kagin's Numismatic Auctions #340, 1/1986: 5020 $2,530 • Wes A. Rasmussen • Early American Coppers 4/1994: 161 $3,600 • Chris Victor-McCawley (CVM), 6/1994 • L. Michael Lawrence. State II.

G-5 Sharpness of VG-10 but obverse dented. W. S. Appleton • Massachusetts Historical Society • Stack's 5/ 1971: 20 $290 • Denis W. Loring, 5/1974 • Dr. Robert J. Shalowitz • Dr. C. R. Chambers • Richard V. Punchard, 5/1993 • Denis W. Loring, 7/1993 • Dr. Timothy Reid.

AG-3 Sharpness of VG-10 but uniformly rough and black. Stack's, privately 6/1968 • Dr. Hiram T. Ward, 10/1976 • Denis W. Loring, 11/1976 • Robinson S. Brown, Jr. • Superior Galleries 9/1986: 24 $1,375 • Robinson S. Brown, Jr. • Superior Stamp & Coin Co. 1/1996: 24 $2,750 • Steven K. Ellsworth.

AG-3 Wayne Rattray (W & B Coin), 1/12/1985 • Del Bland • Jack H. Beymer • Richard C. Dempsey.

AG-3 John A. Schreuder, 4/1970 • Del Bland. Herbert A. Silberman, 11/1977 • Chuck Furjanic, 4/1978 • Denis W. Loring, 5/20/1978 • Dr. Thomas S. Chalkley • Superior Galleries 1/1990: 171 $187 • Larry Briggs Rare Coins.

AG-3 With a lamination on the upper reverse. Purchased unattributed by Stephen T. Richter • William W. Moore • Stack's 3/1992: 83 $3,300 • Joel Spingarn, 4/24/1993 • Denis W. Loring, 5/1993 • Dr. Bruce Reinoehl.

AG-3 With planchet striations, mostly on obverse. Sharpness of VG-10 but some corrosion, rim dents, and scratches. Early Copper Auction #9, 7/1993: 534 $1,870 • Thomas D. Reynolds and Denis W. Loring, 11/1993 • L. Michael Lawrence, 6/1994 • Thomas D. Reynolds and Denis W. Loring, 11/1994 • Daniel Trollan • Butler "Bim" Gander.